Peringkasan Adjective Clause
Istilah Penting
RPS = Relative Pronoun Subjek (who/which/that yang berfungsi sebagai subjek dalam adjective clause)
RPO = Relative Pronoun Objek (whom/which/that yang berfungsi sebagai objek)
Peringkasan = menghilangkan relative pronoun (dan kadang kata bantu lain) tanpa mengubah makna kalimat
Aturan RPS
1. RPS diikuti Modal/Will/Would
Kondisi: RPS diikuti oleh modal (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to) atau will/would
Cara meringkas: ❌ Tidak bisa diringkas
Contoh:
- The athletes who will participate in Olympic games are in the training program. → tidak bisa diringkas
- I am wrapping the gift which must be sent to my sister. → tidak bisa diringkas
2. RPS diikuti keluarga HAVE (have/has/had) + V3
Kondisi: RPS + have/has/had + V3 → makna "telah"
Cara meringkas:
RPS dihilangkan → keluarga have diubah menjadi HAVING (bagian setelah "have" tidak berubah sama sekali)
Rumus:
Aktif: yang telah me/ber = having + V3
Pasif: yang telah di/ter = having been + V3
Contoh:
| Kalimat Lengkap | Hasil Peringkasan |
|---|---|
| I trust the girl who has been my friend for 3 years. | I trust the girl having been my friend for 3 years. |
| We will hire the teacher who has taught English for 1 year. | We will hire the teacher having taught English for 1 year. |
| The gift which has been wrapped will be sent tomorrow. | The gift having been wrapped will be sent tomorrow. |
| Saya melihat guru yang telah bertemu artis. → I see a teacher who has met an artist. | I see a teacher having met an artist. |
| Saya melihat guru yang telah ditemui oleh artis. → I see a teacher who has been met by an artist. | I see a teacher having been met by an artist. |
3. RPS diikuti keluarga BE (is, am, are, was, were)
Kondisi: RPS + is/am/are/was/were + (V-ing / V3 / Adjective / Noun / Adverb) → makna "sedang"
Cara meringkas:
RPS dan keluarga be (is/am/are/was/were) ikut dihilangkan semuanya
Rumus:
Sedang (aktif) = be + V-ing → BEING + Ving = "yang sedang me..."
Sedang (pasif) = be + being + V3 → BEING + V3 = "yang sedang di..."
Contoh:
| Kalimat Lengkap | Hasil Peringkasan |
|---|---|
| The problem which is being discussed in the meeting is serious. | The problem being discussed in the meeting is serious. |
| I hate the teacher who is punishing the cute girl. | I hate the teacher punishing the cute girl. |
| Laskar Pelangi which is being written by Andrea Hirata inspires me. | Laskar Pelangi being written by Andrea Hirata inspires me. |
| The woman who is angry with her husband left her house. | The woman angry with her husband left her house. |
| I ate the cookies which were on the plate on the table. | I ate the cookies on the plate on the table. |
4. RPS tidak diikuti hal-hal di atas
Kondisi: RPS tidak diikuti modal, will/would, is/am/are/was/were, atau have/has/had+V3
Cara meringkas:
RPS dihilangkan → verb setelahnya berubah menjadi V-ing (atau V3 jika pasif)
Contoh:
- Soekarno who proclaimed Indonesia spoke many languages. → Soekarno proclaiming Indonesia spoke many languages.
Aturan RPO
1. RPO dan When
Kondisi: Relative pronoun berupa whom, that, which (sebagai objek) atau when
Cara meringkas:
Dalam situasi apapun, RPO dan when bisa langsung dihilangkan tanpa mengubah struktur apapun setelahnya.
Contoh:
| Kalimat Lengkap | Hasil Peringkasan |
|---|---|
| The students whom I teach have big dreams. | The students I teach have big dreams. |
| The location of the house which I will buy is strategic. | The location of the house I will buy is strategic. |
| I will not forget the day when I got the award. | I will not forget the day I got the award. |
Ringkasan Pola Aktif vs Pasif
🟢 Aktif
| Makna | Tenses | Rumus setelah diringkas |
|---|---|---|
| yang me... | Simple | Noun + V-ing + object |
| yang sedang me... | Continuous | Noun + being + V-ing + object |
| yang telah me... | Perfect | Noun + having + V3 + object |
🔴 Pasif
| Makna | Tenses | Rumus setelah diringkas |
|---|---|---|
| yang di... | Simple | Noun + V3 + preposisi |
| yang sedang di... | Continuous | Noun + being + V3 + preposisi |
| yang telah di... | Perfect | Noun + having been + V3 + preposisi |
Contoh Penerapan:
Kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah adalah ... → The policy having been decided by the government is ...
Tabel Ringkasan Cepat (5 Aturan)
| Kondisi RPS/Relative Pronoun | Hasil Peringkasan |
|---|---|
| RPS + modal / will / would | ❌ Tidak bisa diringkas |
| RPS + have/has/had + V3 | RPS hilang, have → having |
| RPS + is/am/are/was/were (+Ving/V3/Adj/Noun/Adv) | RPS + be hilang semua, jika Ving/V3 tambahkan being |
| RPS tanpa modal/be/have+V3 | RPS hilang, verb → V-ing (atau V3 jika pasif) |
| RPO (whom/that/which objek) & when | Langsung hilang, tanpa perubahan struktur |
Ingat: S-V Agreement Tetap Berlaku
- Subject singular → verb singular
- Subject plural → verb plural
Serta pola dasar:
- Yang me (simple) = Ving
- Yang sedang me (continuous) = being + Ving
- Yang telah me (perfect) = having + V3
